In general, PHS equipment is introduced into a certain country after the country accepting the equipment has granted type approvals to the equipment, with the final certificates being issued by its authorities based on the results of examinations on the equipment.
However, there are two ways of examining equipment to confirm its technical standard conformity for granting the type-approval certification:
a) To have the country’s own inspection organizations conduct technical standard conformity tests; and,
b) To have other country’s inspection organizations conduct such tests.

If the country adopts a), the country’s inspection organizations have to build all kinds of facilities required for testing PHS equipment. On the other hand, if the country adopts b), there is no need for such activities. As a result, the country can easily prepare a system for the issuance of type-approval certificates, resulting in the swift introduction of PHS equipment into the country.
In case of b), the Japanese certification authority Telecom Engineering Center (TELEC) (see Note) issues Certificates of Conformity together with Test Reports on the performance of digital cordless telephones (master equipment) and radio equipment on PHS terminals (slave equipment) to be used in Singapore and Hong Kong. Specifically, TELEC conducts these three types of examination:
1) Examination for certifying technical standard conformity
2) Examination concerning the changed control channel’s performance
3) Examination for confirming connectivity with public cell stations (CSs)

Note: TELEC is the only telecommunications equipment certification body designated by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. Since inception of MKK (Radio Equipment Inspection and Certification Institute, the predecessor to TELEC) in 1978, this organization has been offering technical standard conformity certification services, calibration of measuring devices and so on.

Examination for certifying technical standard conformity

Tests conducted by TELEC for this purpose cover frequency errors, occupied bandwidths, spurious emission intensity, antenna power errors, adjacent channel powers and carrier sense capability. However, these tests become unnecessary if test results are already available in Japan.

Examination concerning the changed control channel’s performance

In Japan, the control channel of private-use PHS terminals is 12/18 (1898.45 MHz/1900.25 MHz), whereas that in Singapore and Hong Kong is 30/36 (1903.85 MHz/1905.65 MHz). The purpose of “examination concerning the changed control channel’s performance” is to confirm that the changed control channel is functioning properly.
A comprehensive automated testing device, which is adjusted to radio facilities adopting a digital modulation method utilized for the certification of technical standard conformity, is used in examining the changed control channel’s performance.
Outline of the testing is shown in Fig. 1. A multichannel signal generator creates successive non-modulation signals other than the two channels for control and communication. In this process, confirmation that call dispatching and receiving is performed properly between personal stations (PSs) and CSs is usually made. In the next step, an interference wave is overlapped with the communication channel. This should prevent PSs and CSs from properly dispatching and receiving calls, indicating that the control channel is thus working properly.

The purposes of this examination is to confirm that PHS terminals can register their positions, dispatch/receive calls, engage in communication, end calls and carry out handovers with CSs of public PHS carriers.
The tests and conditions are in compliance with the ARIB technical document RCR TR-23. Fig. 2 shows the connectivity verification testing system. CSs used for the testing are CS simulators of public PHS carriers and quasi-networks are public network simulators. The following are examples of the tests.

Call dispatching and termination performance test

The PHS terminal dispatches a call toward CS 1. At this time, CS 2 is closed using the variable attenuator 2. After making sure the PHS terminal is in the state of communication with CS 1, the communication is terminated at the PHS terminal side and then confirmation that the call ends properly is made.

Handover performance test